You can send images and files with your emails. When you tap on the email button to create a new email, you can tap on the paper clip 📎 button at the top of the screen to add attachments.
If instead, you are viewing the advanced button view after tapping on the "..." button, then tap on the "+" button on the right of the Attachments area below the subject.

In the choose file/photo (Places) screen, scroll down to the photo albums and choose one. You can then tap to choose photos and tap on "Add" or just use the back arrow to add the photos to your email.

For advanced users, you can use the size menu at the bottom of the photo selection screen. You can change the image size (or file format if applicable) if you want to reduce the size of the email you are sending.

If you want to include photos inside a message you are typing, you can do a long tap on the text position you want. In the popup menu, choose "More" and then tap on the image button. Then you can choose photos in the same way as before and the photos will be inserted into the text message.